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the atom
An atom is the smallest unit of matter that is recognizable as a chemical ELEMENT. Atoms of
different elements may also combine into systems called MOLECULES, which are the smallest units
of chemical COMPOUNDS. In all these ordinary processes, atoms may be considered as the
ancient Greeks imagined them to be: the ultimate building blocks of matter. When stronger forces
are applied to atoms, however, the atoms may break up into smaller parts. Thus atoms …
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…into a heavier nucleus
that can be studied for a short time before it
disintegrates. Such heavy-ion collisions have
produced nuclei that contain as many as 300
nucleons. Gerald Feinberg Bibliography: Beyer,
Robert, ed., Foundations of Nuclear Physics
(1949); Feinberg, Gerald, What is the World
Made Of? (1977); Lapp, Ralph, and Andrews,
Howard, Nuclear Radiation Physics (1972); Pais,
Abraham, Inward Bound (1986); Van Melsen,
Andrew, From Atomos to Atom (1952);
Whittaker, Edmund, A History of the Theories of
Aether and Electricity (1960).
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