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Descartes is famed by is familiar notion, "I think therefore I am (Cogito, ergo sum.)." It is a conclusion he has reached in his second meditation after much deliberation on the existence of anything certain. After he discovers his ability to doubt and to understand , he is able to substantiate his necessary existence as a consequence. What we doubt or understand may not ultimately correspond, but we can never be uncertain that we are in …

…is the essence of Decartes philosophy of dualism. We as humans, consist of both and are therefore, dualistic creatures. We have a mind and we also take up space. Both are crucial to our elements of being, but we will grow old and we can be physically debilitated. But, so long we continue to think and have consciousness, two plus two will always be four and a mile will still be a mile. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **Bibliography**